American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) Radiographic Testing Practice Test

The penetrating ability of x-rays in radiographic testing is primarily influenced by the voltage and waveform applied to the x-ray tube. Higher voltage settings increase the energy of the x-ray photons produced, thereby enhancing their ability to penetrate various materials. This increased energy allows the x-rays to effectively pass through thicker or denser materials, improving the quality of the radiographic image produced.

The type of waveform also plays a crucial role; for instance, a high-frequency waveform can produce a more consistent and efficient x-ray output, leading to more effective penetration compared to lower frequency waveforms.

While factors like the type of film used, the distance between the tube and the film, and exposure time are important in radiographic testing, they primarily affect image quality and the degree of exposure rather than the inherent penetrating ability of the x-rays themselves. The voltage and waveform set the fundamental capability of the x-ray beam to penetrate the material being tested.